# Source code for diofant.functions.special.bsplines

from ...core import Integer, sympify
from ...sets import Interval
from .. import Piecewise, piecewise_fold

"""Construct c*b1 + d*b2."""
if b1 == 0 or c == 0:
rv = piecewise_fold(d*b2)
elif b2 == 0 or d == 0:
rv = piecewise_fold(c*b1)
else:
new_args = []
n_intervals = len(b1.args)
assert n_intervals == len(b2.args)
new_args.append((c*b1.args[0].expr, b1.args[0].cond))
for i in range(1, n_intervals - 1):
new_args.append((
c*b1.args[i].expr + d*b2.args[i - 1].expr,
b1.args[i].cond
))
new_args.append((d*b2.args[-2].expr, b2.args[-2].cond))
new_args.append(b2.args[-1])
rv = Piecewise(*new_args)

return rv.expand()

[docs]def bspline_basis(d, knots, n, x, close=True):
"""The n-th B-spline at x of degree d with knots.

B-Splines are piecewise polynomials of degree d.  They are defined on
a set of knots, which is a sequence of integers or floats.

The 0th degree splines have a value of one on a single interval:

>>> d = 0
>>> knots = range(5)
>>> bspline_basis(d, knots, 0, x)
Piecewise((1, (x >= 0) & (x <= 1)), (0, true))

For a given (d, knots) there are len(knots)-d-1 B-splines defined, that
are indexed by n (starting at 0).

Here is an example of a cubic B-spline:

>>> bspline_basis(3, range(5), 0, x)
Piecewise((x**3/6, (x >= 0) & (x < 1)),
(-x**3/2 + 2*x**2 - 2*x + 2/3,
(x >= 1) & (x < 2)),
(x**3/2 - 4*x**2 + 10*x - 22/3,
(x >= 2) & (x < 3)),
(-x**3/6 + 2*x**2 - 8*x + 32/3,
(x >= 3) & (x <= 4)),
(0, true))

By repeating knot points, you can introduce discontinuities in the
B-splines and their derivatives:

>>> d = 1
>>> knots = [0, 0, 2, 3, 4]
>>> bspline_basis(d, knots, 0, x)
Piecewise((-x/2 + 1, (x >= 0) & (x <= 2)), (0, true))

It is quite time consuming to construct and evaluate B-splines. If you
need to evaluate a B-splines many times, it is best to lambdify them
first:

>>> d = 3
>>> knots = range(10)
>>> b0 = bspline_basis(d, knots, 0, x)
>>> f = lambdify(x, b0)
>>> y = f(0.5)

========

diofant.functions.special.bsplines.bspline_basis_set

References
==========

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-spline

"""
knots = [sympify(k) for k in knots]
d = int(d)
n = int(n)
n_knots = len(knots)
n_intervals = n_knots - 1
if n + d + 1 > n_intervals:
raise ValueError('n + d + 1 must not exceed len(knots) - 1')
if d == 0:
result = Piecewise(
(1, Interval(knots[n], knots[n + 1], False,
not close).contains(x)),
(0, True)
)
elif d > 0:
denom = knots[n + d + 1] - knots[n + 1]
if denom != 0:
B = (knots[n + d + 1] - x)/denom
b2 = bspline_basis(d - 1, knots, n + 1, x, close)
else:
b2 = B = Integer(0)

denom = knots[n + d] - knots[n]
if denom != 0:
A = (x - knots[n])/denom
b1 = bspline_basis(
d - 1, knots, n, x, close and (B == 0 or b2 == 0))
else:
b1 = A = Integer(0)

result = _add_splines(A, b1, B, b2)
else:
raise ValueError('degree must be non-negative: %r' % n)
return result

[docs]def bspline_basis_set(d, knots, x):
"""Return the len(knots)-d-1 B-splines at x of degree d with knots.

This function returns a list of Piecewise polynomials that are the
len(knots)-d-1 B-splines of degree d for the given knots. This function
calls bspline_basis(d, knots, n, x) for different values of n.

Examples
========

>>> d = 2
>>> knots = range(5)
>>> splines = bspline_basis_set(d, knots, x)
>>> splines
[Piecewise((x**2/2, (x >= 0) & (x < 1)),
(-x**2 + 3*x - 3/2, (x >= 1) & (x < 2)),
(x**2/2 - 3*x + 9/2, (x >= 2) & (x <= 3)),
(0, true)),
Piecewise((x**2/2 - x + 1/2, (x >= 1) & (x < 2)),
(-x**2 + 5*x - 11/2, (x >= 2) & (x < 3)),
(x**2/2 - 4*x + 8, (x >= 3) & (x <= 4)),
(0, true))]

========

diofant.functions.special.bsplines.bspline_basis

"""
n_splines = len(knots) - d - 1
return [bspline_basis(d, knots, i, x) for i in range(n_splines)]