# Essential Functions in diofant.vector (docstrings)¶

## matrix_to_vector¶

diofant.vector.matrix_to_vector(matrix, system)[source]

Converts a vector in matrix form to a Vector instance.

It is assumed that the elements of the Matrix represent the measure numbers of the components of the vector along basis vectors of ‘system’.

Parameters: matrix (Diofant Matrix, Dimensions: (3, 1)) – The matrix to be converted to a vector system (CoordSysCartesian) – The coordinate system the vector is to be defined in

Examples

>>> m = Matrix([1, 2, 3])
>>> C = CoordSysCartesian('C')
>>> v = matrix_to_vector(m, C)
>>> v
C.i + 2*C.j + 3*C.k
>>> v.to_matrix(C) == m
True


## express¶

diofant.vector.express(expr, system, system2=None, variables=False)[source]

Global function for ‘express’ functionality.

Re-expresses a Vector, Dyadic or scalar(diofant-able) in the given coordinate system.

If ‘variables’ is True, then the coordinate variables (base scalars) of other coordinate systems present in the vector/scalar field or dyadic are also substituted in terms of the base scalars of the given system.

Parameters: expr (Vector/Dyadic/scalar(diofant-able)) – The expression to re-express in CoordSysCartesian ‘system’ system (CoordSysCartesian) – The coordinate system the expr is to be expressed in system2 (CoordSysCartesian) – The other coordinate system required for re-expression (only for a Dyadic Expr) variables (boolean) – Specifies whether to substitute the coordinate variables present in expr, in terms of those of parameter system

Examples

>>> N = CoordSysCartesian('N')
>>> q = Symbol('q')
>>> B = N.orient_new_axis('B', q, N.k)
>>> express(B.i, N)
(cos(q))*N.i + (sin(q))*N.j
>>> express(N.x, B, variables=True)
-sin(q)*B.y + cos(q)*B.x
>>> d = N.i.outer(N.i)
>>> express(d, B, N)
(cos(q))*(B.i|N.i) + (-sin(q))*(B.j|N.i)


## curl¶

diofant.vector.curl(vect, coord_sys)[source]

Returns the curl of a vector field computed wrt the base scalars of the given coordinate system.

Parameters: vect (Vector) – The vector operand coord_sys (CoordSysCartesian) – The coordinate system to calculate the curl in

Examples

>>> R = CoordSysCartesian('R')
>>> v1 = R.y*R.z*R.i + R.x*R.z*R.j + R.x*R.y*R.k
>>> curl(v1, R)
0
>>> v2 = R.x*R.y*R.z*R.i
>>> curl(v2, R)
R.x*R.y*R.j + (-R.x*R.z)*R.k


## divergence¶

diofant.vector.divergence(vect, coord_sys)[source]

Returns the divergence of a vector field computed wrt the base scalars of the given coordinate system.

Parameters: vect (Vector) – The vector operand coord_sys (CoordSysCartesian) – The coordinate system to calculate the divergence in

Examples

>>> R = CoordSysCartesian('R')
>>> v1 = R.x*R.y*R.z * (R.i+R.j+R.k)
>>> divergence(v1, R)
R.x*R.y + R.x*R.z + R.y*R.z
>>> v2 = 2*R.y*R.z*R.j
>>> divergence(v2, R)
2*R.z


diofant.vector.gradient(scalar, coord_sys)[source]

Returns the vector gradient of a scalar field computed wrt the base scalars of the given coordinate system.

Parameters: scalar (Diofant Expr) – The scalar field to compute the gradient of coord_sys (CoordSysCartesian) – The coordinate system to calculate the gradient in

Examples

>>> R = CoordSysCartesian('R')
>>> s1 = R.x*R.y*R.z
R.y*R.z*R.i + R.x*R.z*R.j + R.x*R.y*R.k
>>> s2 = 5*R.x**2*R.z
10*R.x*R.z*R.i + 5*R.x**2*R.k


## is_conservative¶

diofant.vector.is_conservative(field)[source]

Checks if a field is conservative.

Parameters: field (Vector) – The field to check for conservative property

Examples

>>> R = CoordSysCartesian('R')
>>> is_conservative(R.y*R.z*R.i + R.x*R.z*R.j + R.x*R.y*R.k)
True
>>> is_conservative(R.z*R.j)
False


## is_solenoidal¶

diofant.vector.is_solenoidal(field)[source]

Checks if a field is solenoidal.

Parameters: field (Vector) – The field to check for solenoidal property

Examples

>>> R = CoordSysCartesian('R')
>>> is_solenoidal(R.y*R.z*R.i + R.x*R.z*R.j + R.x*R.y*R.k)
True
>>> is_solenoidal(R.y * R.j)
False


## scalar_potential¶

diofant.vector.scalar_potential(field, coord_sys)[source]

Returns the scalar potential function of a field in a given coordinate system (without the added integration constant).

Parameters: field (Vector) – The vector field whose scalar potential function is to be calculated coord_sys (CoordSysCartesian) – The coordinate system to do the calculation in

Examples

>>> R = CoordSysCartesian('R')
>>> scalar_potential(R.k, R) == R.z
True
>>> scalar_field = 2*R.x**2*R.y*R.z
2*R.x**2*R.y*R.z


## scalar_potential_difference¶

diofant.vector.scalar_potential_difference(field, coord_sys, point1, point2)[source]

Returns the scalar potential difference between two points in a certain coordinate system, wrt a given field.

If a scalar field is provided, its values at the two points are considered. If a conservative vector field is provided, the values of its scalar potential function at the two points are used.

Returns (potential at point2) - (potential at point1)

The position vectors of the two Points are calculated wrt the origin of the coordinate system provided.

Parameters: field (Vector/Expr) – The field to calculate wrt coord_sys (CoordSysCartesian) – The coordinate system to do the calculations in point1 (Point) – The initial Point in given coordinate system position2 (Point) – The second Point in the given coordinate system

Examples

>>> from diofant.vector import Point
>>> R = CoordSysCartesian('R')
>>> P = R.origin.locate_new('P', R.x*R.i + R.y*R.j + R.z*R.k)
>>> vectfield = 4*R.x*R.y*R.i + 2*R.x**2*R.j
>>> scalar_potential_difference(vectfield, R, R.origin, P)
2*R.x**2*R.y
>>> Q = R.origin.locate_new('O', 3*R.i + R.j + 2*R.k)
>>> scalar_potential_difference(vectfield, R, P, Q)
-2*R.x**2*R.y + 18